Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare higher-order aberrations between personalized Treatment (PT) versus personalized Treatment advanced (PTA) photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia and myopic astigmatism.Methods: In this clinical trial, 80 eyes of 40 patients who met inclusion criteria were enrolled. They underwent PRK using PT or PTA algorithm randomly. Higher-order aberrations were measured and compared between the study groups pre-operatively and at months 3 and 6 postoperatively.Results: The two study groups were comparable in terms of preoperative higher-order aberrations.Compared to the preoperative values, higher-order aberrations were significantly increased in the PT group (p<0.001), but decreased in the PTA group (p<0.001). Spherical aberration exhibited a significant increase postoperatively in the PT group (p<0.001) but remained unchanged in the PTA group (P=0.57).Conclusion: PRK using PT algorithm resulted in an increase higher-order aberrations. PTA algorithm provided better results in terms of postoperative higher-order aberrations and could treat pre-existing higher-order aberrations.

Problem statement: Each of the carpets of different regions of Iran can carry a message, concept, or symbol behind their patterns, the discovery of which will accentuate understanding the authenticity and providee the historical, cultural, and ritual values of Iranian rug designs. The carpets woven in Markazi province are among the prominent carpets of Iran; one of the authentic carpets of this province is “ Farahan Sun Medallion” rug, to which little attention has been paid. Research objectives: The primary purpose of this study, which is of a qualitative and descriptive-analytical type, is to analyze the Sun symbols in this carpet, to discover the conceptual relationship and its special connection with the holiness of the Sun, as well as to introduce Farahan Sun medallion rugs. Research method: To search this connection, by reviewing the cultural-historical background of the place of this carpet, namely the ancient county of Farahan, the importance of the Sun in the past rituals and culture of this land was taken into account. Then, the samples purposefully collected from library and the Internet documents, based on the structure and elements of the visual index, were divided into three categories: main, vase-pattern and Vagirei (recurring patterns). Conclusion: In quest of Sun motifs in these three categories, elements such as the three-branched flower tree, the lady Sun, the lotus, the geometric Sun flower, etc. can be realized, which are classified as human, animal, plant and abstract. Finally, due to the multiplicity and variety of the usage of Sun motifs in this type carpet and its conceptual connection with the Sun, the patterns of this carpet can indicate the holiness of the Sun in the history of this area as well as other regions of Iran and the manifestation of this concept on Farahan Sun medallion rugs.

Crop models are appropriate and low-cost tools for investigating the effect of agricultural inputs on water and soil resources and crop production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the OILCROP-Sun model for Euroflor hybrid of Sunflower in order to gain a suitable base to conserve soil and water resources. This study was conducted as a strip-plot statistical design with randomized complete blocks design with three replications for each Treatment. Total biomass, seed weight, seed yield, percentage of seed oil, and seed nitrogen were measured. Using collected field data, OILCROP-Sun model was calibrated and evaluated for different levels of water and nitrogen applications. Six genetic coefficients were then derived from calibration of OILCROP-Sun model for Euroflor hybrid. The results indicated that seed yields were simulated reasonably well for 12 Treatments with NRMSE value of 18.5%, and the d-index of 0.92. The d value of different Treatments of water and nitrogen for seed nitrogen was 0.93, and for oil production per hectare was 0.91.

People with Parkinson's disease (PD) often have walking difficulty in the advanced stages of the disease and also suffer from balance problems. They perform their functional movements in a smaller range and at a slower rate, which will cause difficulty in performing daily activities. Patients with PD face many difficulties in outdoor activities, community participation, personal tasks, and fine motor skills (e. g. writing). They usually need the help of others. For two decades, a new Treatment called Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT) has been used by the speech therapists to treat speech and swallowing disorders in PD patients based on evidence and principles of neuroplasticity. The BIG protocol was added to this method in 2010 (LSVT-BIG). In this method, the whole body is involved and its main focus is on motor skills, which are guided by a physiotherapist and occupational therapist. The main goal of this new method is to improve patient’ s skilled movement in PD, as opposed to the old methods that introduce muscle stiffness as the main problem in these patients. In this method, patients will be required to perform a series of special exercises in sitting and standing positions in a larger range than usual with a specific schedule and in a one-month intensive period. Doing the BIG protocol correctly can make the range of motion softer and larger. The studies also show that the LSVT BIG method is very effective for improving patients' walking patterns and daily activities and significantly increases the quality of life in PD patients. Eventually, the PD patients will be able to perform their motor tasks automatically. Considering the useful results of this method and also the growing trend of its application around the world, it is necessary to enable therapists with this new method and provide more complete services for PD patients.

In this article, holy manifestations of Sun,as the symbols of Godhead,have been taken into accunt,in three masterpieces of poetical literature: Ferdowis Shahnameh, Nizamis Khamseh, Atars Mantegh-Al,. Teyr,and at the same time,the various faces of Sun holiness have been compared with myth of Iran with those of India, China, Egypt, Greece,...,and also with some religions of before Islam. The items discussed in this article are: Survey of Sun as a symbol of Godhead, the charismatic Sun,the structural similarity of Sun and Simurggh, particularly in Mantegh-Al- Teyr. The process of ritual death of soul, and to die before corporeal death, by inspiration of down and Sunset, mysteries of Sun as the daily system of soul and its correspondance with it, tempo-measurements of myth and its contrasts with Sunrise and Sunset, and at last, the role of Sun in determining the local limits of myth. All of these cases have been corresponded with some evidences of these aforementioned texts.

Introduction: Many efforts have been made to improve Ni-Ti alloy for endodontic use and it has been shown that surface properties and thus cutting efficiency of the rotary files can be improved by processes such as electro-polishing, ion implantation and surface coating. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cryogenic Treatment on cutting efficiency of Ni-Ti rotary files.Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 60 Ni-Ti rotary instruments (Hero 642, #25, 0.04 taper) were selected and divided into 3 groups of 20. In group I no Treatment was used. In group II the instruments were subjected to a deep cryogenic Treatment in liquid nitrogen pool (-196oC) for 24 hours and after Treatment were immediately tested for cutting efficiency. In group III after cryogenic Treatment the temperature of the samples was raised slowly to room temperature for 24 hours. A new piece of test equipment was designed and used. The instruments were attached to the testing machine and rotated in Plexiglas samples for 10 seconds in a working length of 16 mm. The depth of grooves and weight loss of Plexiglas were measured after instrumentation. One-way and two-way ANOVA were used to compare the means of cutting efficacy between the three groups at 95% confidence interval.Results: The instruments which were immediately tested for cutting efficiency had significantly more weight loss and deeper grooves (pweight<0.001; pgroove=0.022), indicating better cutting efficiency. However, there was no significant differences between group I and group III in cutting efficacy (p weight=0.23; p groove=0.61).Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the surface properties of Ni-Ti alloy could be improved by the cryogenic Treatment for a limited period of time after Treatment, increasing the cutting efficiency of Ni-Ti rotary instruments.

Symbolism is a refined and sophisticated method by which the artist expresses his thoughts in art forms.One of the basic themes of mysticism,which has given rise to symbols in mysticism, is the need to God almighty as the true beloved. Salaman and Absal, a symbolic work by Jami, is an attempt to describe parts of mans ethical and human dimensions. This article presents a yet different interpretation of this symbolic story.